Cervical spondylosis, commonly referred to as neck arthritis or cervical osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that affects the cervical spine. This condition is primarily caused by age-related changes in the spinal discs and joints, and it can lead to chronic neck pain, stiffness, and sometimes neurological symptoms. Though it’s a common issue, especially after the age of 40, understanding its causes and treatment options can help manage it effectively.
Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
The main cause of cervical spondylosis is wear and tear of the cartilage and bones in the neck over time. As we age, the discs between the vertebrae begin to dehydrate and shrink, leading to bone-on-bone contact, stiffness, and inflammation.
Other contributing factors include:
- Bone spurs: Extra bone growth that can compress nerves.
- Herniated discs: Discs may develop cracks, allowing the inner material to press on spinal nerves.
- Stiff ligaments: With age, spinal ligaments can become stiff, affecting flexibility.
- Injury: Previous neck injuries can accelerate the degeneration process.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of movement or poor posture, especially in desk jobs, can worsen the condition.
Common Symptoms
Cervical spondylosis may develop gradually, and not everyone will experience noticeable symptoms. However, common signs include:
- Chronic neck pain or stiffness
- Headaches, often originating from the neck
- Grinding sensation when turning the neck
- Pain that radiates to the shoulders or arms
- Tingling or numbness in arms, hands, or fingers (if nerves are affected)
- Weakness in limbs, in severe cases involving spinal cord compression
If the spinal cord is compressed, more serious symptoms such as loss of balance or bladder control can occur. This condition, called cervical myelopathy, requires immediate medical attention.
Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation
Doctors typically begin with a physical exam to assess neck movement, reflexes, and muscle strength. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or CT scans can confirm the diagnosis and help identify the extent of disc degeneration or nerve compression.
Treatment Options
There is no cure for cervical spondylosis, but a combination of treatments can significantly relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
1. Medications
- Pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs (ibuprofen)
- Muscle relaxants for spasms
- Corticosteroid injections in severe cases
2. Physical Therapy
A trained therapist can guide you through neck-strengthening and flexibility exercises that relieve pressure on the spine.
3. Lifestyle Modifications
- Ergonomic work setups
- Regular stretching and posture correction
- Neck-supportive pillows during sleep
4. Surgical Intervention
Surgery is rarely needed, but it may be considered if conservative treatments fail or if there’s significant nerve or spinal cord compression.
Final Thoughts
Cervical spondylosis is a manageable condition if diagnosed early and treated properly. By staying active, maintaining good posture, and seeking professional help when needed, you can reduce symptoms and protect your neck health as you age.