Cervical spondylosis, often referred to as neck arthritis, is a degenerative condition affecting the cervical spine, the seven vertebrae in the neck region. It is a common condition, especially among people over the age of 40, and is primarily caused by age-related wear and tear. As the structures in the neck deteriorate over time, they can lead to stiffness, pain, and limited mobility. While the condition can be alarming, understanding its causes and treatments can help individuals manage it effectively and maintain a good quality of life.
5 Common Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
1. Age-Related Degeneration
The most common cause of cervical spondylosis is natural aging. As people grow older, the discs between the vertebrae lose their moisture and elasticity. This disc degeneration leads to reduced cushioning, which increases the chances of bone spurs and nerve compression. By the age of 60, more than 85% of people show some signs of cervical spondylosis, even if they don’t experience symptoms.
2. Herniated Discs
With age or injury, spinal discs can develop cracks, leading to herniation. A herniated disc in the cervical region may bulge or rupture, pressing against spinal nerves and causing pain, numbness, or tingling that can radiate to the arms and shoulders.
3. Bone Spurs
As the body attempts to repair itself from joint degeneration, it may produce excess bone called bone spurs (osteophytes). These spurs can narrow the space needed for spinal nerves, causing nerve impingement that results in chronic pain or discomfort.
4. Neck Injuries
Past injuries to the neck, such as those caused by falls, accidents, or sports, can accelerate the degenerative process of the cervical spine. Even minor trauma can increase stress on the vertebrae and discs, leading to early-onset spondylosis.
5. Sedentary Lifestyle and Poor Posture
In today’s digital world, many people spend long hours hunched over computers or phones. Poor posture, especially forward head posture, can strain the cervical spine and lead to premature wear and tear. Lack of physical activity also weakens the muscles that support the spine, contributing to the condition.
Effective Treatment Options
1. Physical Therapy
Physical therapy remains one of the most effective non-invasive treatments for cervical spondylosis. A physical therapist can design exercises to strengthen neck and shoulder muscles, improve posture, and increase flexibility, reducing pain and stiffness.
2. Medications
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as cerflex oil, ibuprofen and acetaminophen, can help manage mild to moderate symptoms. In more severe cases, doctors may prescribe muscle relaxants or corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
3. Heat and Cold Therapy
Applying heat can loosen up stiff muscles and improve blood circulation, while cold packs can reduce inflammation and numb sore areas. Alternating both methods can offer significant relief for some patients.
4. Lifestyle Modifications
Maintaining good posture, staying active, practicing neck-strengthening exercises, and using ergonomic furniture can prevent the condition from worsening. Taking breaks from screen time and avoiding heavy lifting also help reduce strain.
5. Surgery (in Severe Cases)
When conservative treatments fail and symptoms worsen, especially when nerve compression leads to weakness or loss of function, surgery may be necessary to remove bone spurs, herniated discs, or to stabilize the spine.
Conclusion
Cervical spondylosis is a common yet manageable condition. By understanding its causes and seeking timely treatment, most people can find relief and continue to lead active lives. Early diagnosis, regular physical activity, and good posture are key to maintaining neck health in check.